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Sorrento - Italy

Caserta Excursions

The old town (Caserta Vecchia), founded by the Lombards in the 8th century, lies on hills 3 miles (5 km) north-northeast of the modern city, which was a village known as Torre belonging to the Caetani family of Sermoneta until the construction there of the Bourbon Royal Palace in the 18th century.

San Leucio, 2 miles (3 km) north, is a village founded by Ferdinand IV, king of Naples, in 1789; it has large silk factories. In the Italian Risorgimento (movement for political unity), the Battle of the Volturno (1860), in which the nationalist leader Giuseppe Garibaldi defeated the Neapolitan forces, was fought around Caserta. In World War II the royal palace served for a time as the headquarters of the Allied command, and the surrender of the German army in Italy was signed there on April 29, 1945. The palace (1752-74), with a richly decorated interior including a sumptuous chapel and theatre, stands in an extensive park with famous gardens.

On the main railway lines from Naples to Foggia and Rome, Caserta is an agricultural trade centre with food-processing and glassmaking industries. Pop. (1990 est.) mun., 67,769.

For many years, and especially under the Bourbon kings, Naples was one of the great capital cities of Europe. It reached its cultural zenith during the reign of Charles IV, who later became Charles III of Spain. To Charles we owe the magnificent Teatro San Carlo, Italy's largest opera house, which you should visit on a morning tour; during his reign Herculaneum and Pompeii were discovered, the palaces of Portici and Capodimonte were built and the Archeological Museum was founded.

Perhaps Charles' greatest creation was the Royal Palace at Caserta. Wanting a home to rival his ancestors' palaces at Versailles and Escorial, Charles hired Luigi Vanvitelli, southern Italy's greatest architect, to design a complex of buildings and gardens that ended up being larger and more impressive than either of its predecessors.

Located out of range of both Vesuvius and of marauding sea pirates, Caserta is a 45-minute train ride from Naples Central station. The palace was the last great building of the Italian baroque, and though you can't visit each of its 1200 rooms, the ones you will see are as extravagant as they are exquisite. The majestic main staircase, whose 116 steps were all carved from one gigantic block of stone, is a perfect combination of rich marbles and dramatic perspectives. It leads to the splendiferous 25 rooms of the royal apartments. Be sure to visit the jewel-like theatre, modeled after San Carlo.

The gardens are immense; stroll through the Bosco Vecchio (old wood), past the little castle built as a playhouse for the Bourbon princes, past the fish pond where mock sea battles were staged to amuse the members of the royal court, past the dolphin fountain and on to the fountain of Diana and Actaeon, a sculptural group as animated and enchanting as the one in Trevi Fountain. Rest a while here, for you still haven't reached the loveliest section of the park, the English Gardens, embellished with a tiny lake and fake ancient ruins. Return to the train station by bus or by foot (if you have the energy to walk).

Caserta